Introduction

Nepal is a land locked country which is physically divided into three kind of the geographical structure that is Himalayan, hilly and the Terai region. Nepal is a small but exceptionally beautiful Himalayan kingdom. Nepal is known for its strikingly beautiful natural landscapes, amazing historical monuments and beautiful temples, and a unique and vibrant culture.

Overview of Nepal 

• Area (SQ. KM)           -  148,197
• Regions                       -   5
• Districts                       -  75
• Constituencies              -  205
• Ilakas                          -  927
• Municipalities              -  58
• VDC                          -  3,914
• Wards                       -   36,023

Rivers of Nepal

Rivers in Nepal are treated as goddesses. They are the ever flowing and inspiring source of beauty, abundance and infinite adventure. The rugged topography, extreme variations and excessive snow melting in Nepal make this mountain kingdom blessed with blosoming, flowering rivers, running across the country. This makes Nepal an obvious choice for river adventure.

Some of major rivers  of Nepal are:

• Sunkoshi
• Trisuli
• Seti
• Marshyangdi
• Kali Gandaki
• Karnali

The cities of Nepal

The cities of Nepal are a unique blend of tradition and novelty. Then be it the clinging bells of temples at Bhaktpur, the beautiful lakes of Pokhara or the Pasupati Temple at Kathmandu. Let’s discover the diversity of Nepal cities...

Major cities Of Nepal

Kathmandu

The capital of Nepal, Kathmandu valley, is the biggest and the most cosmopolitan city of Nepal. Known as the 'City of Temples', it has great temples with historic, architectural and religious importance attached to them. Famous for its rocking casinos, Kathmandu is the meeting point of various ethnic groups. The unique element of the city is that it is a fabled capital of convivial pilgrims and carved rose-brick temples as well as a frenetic sprawl of modern towers and spunky casinos.

Pokhara

This mystical city is rightly called the "Center of Adventure". With sky touching mountains and dazzling waterfalls, the city is indeed a visitors' paradise. In close proximity to nature, this beautiful city of Nepal offers the most esthetic panoramic view of the Himalayas.

Lumbini

Lumbini is the birth place of Lord Buddha. The historical city of Lumbini is blessed with rich natural setting and astonishing architectural beauty. Located in South-Western Terai of Nepal.

Birgunj

Birgunj, the commercial capital of Nepal is the second largest city in the country, located in the lower Terai plains, near the Indian border. It is known as the gateway of Nepal because of its location that makes Birgunj a frequent destination for business travelers, executives of foreign projects and agencies, overland tourists, pilgrims and other visitors. 

Nepalgunj

Located in the lower Terai region and known as the transport hub for western Nepal, the town is the starting point of the adventurous treks to Dopla and Jumla regions. The border crossing, 6 km south of Nepalganj, is one of the limited numbers of places where non-Indian foreigners are allowed to cross the border with India.

Nepalese Festival

Nepalese, festivals are not merely the annual spectacles, but also are a living part of their rich cultural heritage. Festivals effectively bind together the Nepalese people of diverse cultural backgrounds and beliefs into one nation. Most Nepalese festivals are related to different Hindu and Buddhist deities. They are celebrated on days consecrated for them by religion and tradition.

The main festival of Nepalese are: 

• Dasain or Durga Puja and 
• Tihar or Deepawali.
• Maghe Sankranti
• Maha Sivaratri
• Chaitra Dasain
• Fagu purnima or Holi
• Ghode Jatra
• Biska Jatra
• New Year's Day
• Red Machhendranath Jatra
• Buddha Jayanti

Nepalese Food

The Nepalese food is good as the Nepalese people. The food of Nepal is as diverse as the country itself. The Nepalese recipes are quick to cook and good to eat. Nepalese food is famous for its nutrition level and tempting taste. Whilst Nepalese cuisine is somewhat basic, it certainly does not lack in flavor, making extensive use of spices and flavorings such as ginger, garlic, coriander, pepper, cumin, chilies, cilantro, mustard oil, ghee and occasionally yak butter. Come let us savor some of the famous dishes of Nepal. 

Eating Habits

Main Meal

In most part of country, especially rice-growing areas, Dal, Bhat (pulses and rice) is the staple food of Nepalese, that is eaten twice a day. 

Snacking 
Snacks such as bread, chura (beaten rice), roti (flat bread), curried vegetables, milked tea and other snacks are also generally eaten in between the two big meals.

Climate of Nepal

Nepal having mix climatic conditions vary from one place to another in accordance with the geographical features. In the north summers are cool and winters severe, while in south summers are tropical and winters are mild. Nepal has namely five major seasons:

1. spring,
2. summer,
3. monsoon,
4. autumn and
5. winter.

An average temperature drop of 6°C occurs for every 1,000 m gain in altitude. In the Terai, summer temperatures exceed 37° C and higher in some areas, winter temperatures range from 7°C to 23°C in the Terai. In mountainous regions, hills and valleys, summers are temperate while winter temperatures can plummet under sub zero. The valley of Kathmandu has a pleasant climate with average summer and winter temperatures of 19°C – 35°C and 2°C – 12°C respectively.

The Himalayas act as a barrier to the cold winds blowing from Central Asia in winter, and forms the northern boundary of the monsoon wind patterns. Eighty percent of the precipitation is received during the monsoon (June-September). Winter rains are more pronounced in the western hills. The average annual rainfall is 1,600 mm, but it varies by eco-climatic zones, such as 3,345 mm in Pokhara and below 300 mm in Mustang. An interesting fact is that there is no seasonal constraint on traveling in and through Nepal. Even in December and January, when winter is at its severest, there are compensating bright sun and brilliant views. 

As with most of the trekking areas in Nepal, the best time to visit are during spring and autumn. Spring is the time for rhododendrons while the clearest skies are found after the monsoon in October and November. However, Nepal can be visited the whole year round.

  

Historical Places in Nepal

Nepal is a small but exceptionally beautiful Himalayan kingdom. It having many many historical places to visit. Tourism is the one of most basic earning source of Nepal. There are around 359 tourist places in Nepal.  Nepal is known for its strikingly beautiful natural landscapes, amazing historical monuments and beautiful temples, and a unique and vibrant culture. There are many worth visiting travel destinations in Nepal for fascinating Nepal tour. Some of the most famous travel destinations in Nepal among hundreds are as follows:

• Kathmandu
• Pokhara
• Nagarkot
• Lumbini
• Janakpur
• Chitwan National Park
• Dhulikhel 
• Patan (Lalitpur)
• Bhagtapur
• Lukla
• Mount Everest 

Nepal Government, Nepal's Ministry of Tourism, major tourist activities include wilderness and adventure activities for the tourist . This also helps to increase the number of tourist and tourism scope of Nepal. Some of the wilderness and adventure activities are as follows : 

• Rock climbing
• Mountaineering
• Trekking
• Rafting
• Mountain flight
• Jungle safari and others. 

Caste System

The caste system exists in every country around the world, maybe not like in Nepal but in one way or another. When talking about the caste system, many people think negatively about the subject. It seems strange to say that the caste system exists in Nepal. The existence of superiority and inferiority due to skin color, religion, economic status, and social status is seen all over the world. The caste system was not created by some person like a king, but rather it developed out of a practice of a society over several thousands of years. A closer look at the past reveals how the caste system came to be in Nepal.

In Nepal all the cast come under the  Four major catogries. The castes system is divided into four main castes listed below.

• Brahmins
• Chetris
• Basya
• Sudra

Languages

Nepal is rich in language and culture. According to the geographical structure the languages were also varied.

Nepali is the official language, although some 20 different languages divided into numerous dialects are spoken. Nepali is spoken by about 90% of the population and is the language for most intertribal communication; it is used in government publications and has been the language of most of the written literature since the Gurkha unification of Nepal. More than 11% of the people speak Maithili as their first language, 7.6% Bhojpuri, 4% Tharu, and about 3% Newari and Tamang each. Except in primary schools, where children are taught in their own language, Nepali is the medium of instruction. English is taught as a second language in secondary schools and colleges and is widely understood in business and government circles.

Even though Nepali (written in Devanagari script, the same as Sanskrit and Hindi) was the national language and was mentioned as the mother tongue by approximately 58 percent of the population, there were several other languages and dialects. Other languages included Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, Newari, and Abadhi. Non-Nepali languages and dialects rarely were spoken outside their ethnic enclaves. In order to estimate the numerical distribution of different ethnic groups, the census data indicating various mother tongues spoken in the country must be used.

Geographical Structure of Nepal

Nepal is situtated between Two worlds largest country India and china. Nepal is land locked country.Which is phisically divided into three kind of the georraphical structure that is himalayan, hilly and the terai region. The himalayan grgion of the nepal extends from the east to the west. It stretches from the height of 3000 meter to the height of 8848 meter, it occupies 15% of the total land of the nepal. Its length is more than 885 kilometer. The himalayan hae extended from the nega mountain of kasmir in the west to the bramputtra in the east. Its total length including 885 kilometer that falls in nepal is 2400 km the hilly region falls between the himalayan and the terai region. The hilly region has occupied the large area than the other region of the coutry. The hilly region occupies the 68% of the total land of the nepal. Its length is 885 km and its north-south width is from 75 to 125 km. It consists of the two ranges of the mountain is mahabharat range.

The internal structure of nepal is divided into 5 region: East region ,West region , Mid region, Mid-West  region and Far-west region. 14 zone and 75 district.

History Of Nepal

Nepal is one of County of Himalayas . The world largest Mount Everest is situated in Nepal. 

One can probably say that Nepal is as old as the Himalayas, when a great lake filled the Kathmandu Valley. One legend holds that this lake was drained by a thunderbolt thrown against the walls of the Valley by the Hindu god Krishna. Another claims it was drained by the patriarch Manjushri as he wanted to get a closer look at a Swayambhu or Adhi-buddha, the beautiful lotus flower resting on the lake.

But the recorded history of Nepal does not start until around 800 BC, with the beginning of the Kirat Period. After that was the Lichhavi and Thakuri Period, followed by the Malla Period and finally the Shah Period. 

The very mountains that give Nepal its grandeur provide a challenge to building a sustainable infrastructure.

In political scenario,  Nepal experienced a struggle for democracy in the 20th century. During the 1990s and until 2008, the country was in civil strife. A peace treaty was signed in 2008 and elections were held in the same year.

Many of the ills of Nepal have been blamed on the royal family of Nepal. In a historical vote for the election of the constituent assembly, Nepalese voted to oust the monarchy in Nepal. In June 2008, Nepalese ousted the royal household. Nepal was formally renamed the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.